Geotechnical testing is a critical phase in the field of civil engineering that involves testing the physical properties of soil and rock. This assessment is crucial to the planning, design, and construction of infrastructural projects such as buildings, bridges, highways, dams, and tunnels.
The primary purpose of geotechnical testing is to determine the suitability of the site for construction. The tests provide valuable insights into the soil’s physical and mechanical properties, including its type, strength, density, permeability, porosity, and compaction, amongst others. Understanding these characteristics helps engineers to predict the soil’s behaviour under different environmental conditions and loads, and enables them to design the structure’s foundation effectively and safely.
There are several benefits of geotechnical testing. Firstly, it identifies potential issues like soil instability, susceptibility to erosion, and groundwater problems, which could jeopardise the construction project or the structure’s longevity. Secondly, it guides the choice of the appropriate construction method and materials to be used. Lastly, it aids in cost-saving by mitigating the risk of structural failure that could lead to expensive corrective actions.
Geotechnical testing should ideally be done before the commencement of a construction project, during the site selection and preparatory stages. This ensures that any potential geotechnical risks are identified and addressed well in advance.